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Running Shoe U
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RUNNING SHOE U

Recently, we set out to build the best running-shoe-testing program on the planet. The result: the new Runner's World Shoe Lab, where man and machine work together to find the perfect pair for you.

By Bob Wischnia

PUBLISHED 02/12/2004

Since Runner's World's inception in 1966, the magazine has taken great pride in providing readers with authoritative reviews of running shoes, the most important gear any runner wears. Over the years, as materials, designs, and manufacturing technologies have improved, the making and selling of that gear has boomed into a highly competitive $4.5-billion industry. Not surprisingly, it's also become a more confusing place for consumers, with a dozen major manufacturers putting new shoes on the market every year. So in mid-2003, we set out to improve our quarterly shoe guides, as well as the testing program those guides were built around. Our ambition was to create the best shoe-testing program anywhere, and to do something no other magazine has ever done--combine subjective feedback from runners (a.k.a. "wear-testers") with objective mechanical tests we conduct ourselves.

Here's how we did it: First we founded the Runner's World Shoe Lab, an independent testing facility in East Lansing, Michigan. Here, running shoes are mechanically flexed, pounded, and prodded under the supervision of Ray Fredericksen, a biomechanist who has spent the past 15 years testing, researching, and developing shoes. Then we set up two new wear-tester programs--one through the Team Playmakers Running Club in East Lansing and another through the San Diego Track Club. This allows us to put shoes on the feet of some 360 runners who, like our readers, come in all sizes, shapes, ages, and levels of ability.

The goal of this new program is to help educate and inform readers so they can find the best shoes for them. Technology is so good these days that there are very few bad shoes, only shoes that are right or wrong for different types of runners, based on their size and weight, biomechanics, foot shape, and mileage.

Running shoes are generally divided into six categories: Stability, Cushioned, Motion-Control, Performance, Trail, and Racing. But within those categories, there is a fair amount of gray area between models. One stability shoe might be perfect for a 180-pound runner who has flat feet, is a moderate overpronator, and who runs 50 miles a week, but not right for a 120-pound runner who has a neutral gait, a high-arched foot, and who runs 25 miles per week. By combining mechanical-test data with more comprehensive feedback from our wear-testers, we will help readers navigate these gray areas, leaving only the last variable up to them: How a shoe fits. (To determine that, it's best to visit a running specialty retailer.)

The Details

Before you check out the reviews in our ShoeFinder, here are the specific changes to our shoe-testing procedures that you should be aware of:

Mechanical Testing: Each shoe in this review was subjected to two mechanical tests, which were performed in the Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory at Michigan State University and coordinated by Sport Biomechanics, Inc., East Lansing, Michigan, under Ray Fredericksen's supervision. We have published the results of these tests in a "Lab Report" within each review.

First, a flex test measured how flexible each shoe was in the forefoot and determined the shoe's "ride," an indication of how smoothly it transitioned from heel strike to "toe-off." A shoe should be responsive enough to propel you forward efficiently with each step. We categorized each shoe as having low, moderate, or high responsiveness. High is good; low is not.

Second, an impact test measured the firmness of each shoe's midsole, the cushioning material between the outsole tread and the upper. Cushioning in the midsole varies from shoe to shoe, based on what material is used (generally a foam such as ethylene vinyl acetate, or EVA, plus non-foam additives such as air, gel, HydroFlow, etc.) and on the material's firmness (which is adjusted during the manufacturing process). The midsole needs to be cushioned enough to allow for the natural "spring" of the foot at toe-off, and firm enough to support the foot and reduce movement (overpronation) at heel-strike. We categorize each shoe as having soft, moderate, firm, or very firm cushioning. One isn't necessarily better than the other, since runner's preferences and needs vary. But as a general rule, if a midsole is too soft, it will compress easily, and lack durability and support. If it's too firm, a midsole won't compress easily enough or absorb shock well.

See More Articles in RUNNING SHOE BASICS

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